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This page provides access to a series of research reports examining recent developments in legal frameworks, regulatory policies, AI governance, and Codes of Conduct related to generative AI and advanced AI systems in the United Kingdom (UK), the United States (US), and the European Union (EU).

This research was conducted as part of the project "Establishment of a Research and Development Hub for Ensuring the Transparency and Trustworthiness of Generative AI Models," funded by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan. Led by the National Institute of Informatics (NII), the project aims to advance research and development of transparent and trustworthy generative AI models while building the research infrastructure necessary to support their safety, explainability, and social acceptance. In addition to technological development, the project identifies institutional design, governance, standardization, and international cooperation for the responsible deployment of generative AI as key research areas.

In recent years, the rapid advancement of generative AI has created growing demand worldwide for responses to societal challenges related to transparency, safety, accountability, copyright, privacy protection, and security. As a result, countries and regions are increasingly developing not only legally binding regulations but also a variety of soft-law frameworks, including Codes of Conduct, guidelines, Model Cards, and FactSheets, which are intended to guide the practices of companies, research institutions, and developers. These instruments have attracted considerable attention as important governance mechanisms for enhancing the transparency and trustworthiness of AI systems.

In addition to reviewing regulatory developments such as the EU AI Act, this report systematically examines Codes of Conduct and voluntary governance initiatives developed by governments, international organizations, industry stakeholders, and research communities. It has been prepared as a foundational resource to support research and development, policy design, and the social implementation of trustworthy and transparent generative AI in Japan. Furthermore, this research reflects international discussions and exchanges with overseas experts conducted during the AI Regulation Symposium held in March 2026. The objective is to share the latest policy developments and emerging research challenges with a broad audience.

Survey Reports

The following reports are being published on this page:

• UK Report: AI Regulation and AI Governance Developments in the United Kingdom
  by Jessica Alder, Bhumika Billa, Simon Deakin (University of Cambridge, UK)
• US Report: AI Regulation and AI Governance Developments in the United States
  by Merve Hickok (Center for AI and Digital Policy, USA)
• EU Report: Developments in the EU AI Act and Related Regulatory Frameworks
  by Georg Borges (University of Saarland, Germany)
• EU Code of Practice Report: International Survey of AI Codes of Conduct, Guidelines, and Soft-Law Frameworks in the European Union
  by David Restrepo Amariles (HEC Paris, France)
• Starter Kit to the EU AI Market: Key Considerations for Japanese AI Companies Entering the EU Market
  by David Restrepo Amariles (HEC Paris, France)

Please note that these reports are published for research and educational purposes only and do not constitute legal advice. The contents are based on publicly available information at the time of writing and may be subject to change due to subsequent legal or regulatory developments.

We hope that these reports will contribute to a deeper understanding of international discussions on ensuring the transparency and trustworthiness of generative AI and support the advancement of responsible AI research, development, and governance.